What do you call Arabs who stayed in Israel after 1948? Israeli citizens. More than one million people, comprising 18.8 percent of Israel’s population, are non-Jews. All Israeli citizens - Christians, Muslims and Jews - have freedoms of speech, religion, and the right to vote. 10 Arabs and 16 women serve in Israel's parliament, and all Israelis have equal access to education, employment opportunities, and modern healthcare. Israel, like the U.S., is a modern democracy based on freedom and equality.